The inhibitory effect of Artemisia annua extracts on gastric cancer cells via apoptosis induction

چکیده: زمینه و هدف: در بررسی های قبلی تاثیر ضد سرطانی گونه های مختلف آرتمیزیا گزارش شده است. این تحقیق با هدف بررسی تاثیر عصاره های مختلف آرتمیزیا آنوا (Artemisia annua) بر سلول های سرطان معده صورت گرفت. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه بنیادی عصاره های متانلی، اتیل استاتی، دی کلرومتانی و هگزانی آرتمیزیا آنوا به روش عصاره گیری مرحله ای تهیه شدند. رده سلولی آدنوکارسینومای معده (AGS) و سلول های فیبروبلاستی طبیعی (L929) با غلظت های مختلف عصاره ها به مدت 24 ساعت انکوبه شده و میزان سمیت سلولی توسط تست ام تی تی (MTT) بررسی شد. نتایج بصورت درصد مهار رشد سلولی و غلظت مهاری 50 درصد (IC50) گزارش شد. بمنظور ارزیابی القای آپوپتوز و نکروز سلولی در سلول های سرطانی روش رنگ آمیزی با انکسین V و پروپیدیم آیوداین (PI) استفاده شد. از آزمون آماری آنالیز واریانس یک طرفه جهت تجزیه و تحلیل استفاده شد. یافته ها: نتایج حاصل از تست ام تی تی مهار قوی و وابسته به غلظت تکثیر سلول های سرطانی را توسط عصاره های مختلف آرتمیزیا آنوا نشان داد. عصاره متانلی بیشترین تاثیر مهاری (IC 50: برابر 500 میکروگرم در میلی لیتر) را داشت و بیش از سایرین سبب القای آپوپتوز اولیه شد. نتیجه گیری: عصاره های جدا شده از آرتمیزیا آنوا سبب کاهش قابل توجه رشد سلول های سرطانی معده عمدتاً با واسطه القای آپوپتوز اولیه شدند و همزمان سمیت کمتری بر سلول های طبیعی داشتند. بنابراین تخلیص ماده موثره موجود در این عصاره ها و نیز تعیین مکانیسم تاثیر آنها توصیه می شود

Effect of Chitosan Incorporated with Cumin and Eucalyptus Essential Oils As Antimicrobial Agents on Fresh Chicken Meat

In this study, cumin and eucalyptus essential oils were prepared and analyzed by gas chromatography–flame ionization detector. Its antibacterial effects were screened using the microdilution method for Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhi, Streptococcus pyogenes and Shigella dysenteriae. The effect of the three concentrations of essential oils (0.5, 1 and 2% w/v) with 2% chitosan at 4 ± 1C temperature and storage time of up to 9 days were evaluated on the microbial quality of chicken meat. Changes in total mesophilic bacterial count (TMBC), lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, mold and yeast counts, and sensory properties were evaluated. The main compounds in cumin were 1,8-cineol (26.75%) and cuminaldehyde (17.1%) and the main compounds in eucalyptus were 1,8-cineol (77.32%) and limonene (8.39%). The essential oils have antibacterial effects on the four examined bacteria. In all of the treatment groups, a decrease of TMBC up to the sixth day and lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, mold and yeast up to the ninth day (P < 0.05) were observed. Overall acceptance rate in the chicken meat containing chitosan with 0.5% cumin essential oil created a better sense. Hence, the use of chitosan combined with cumin and eucalyptus might be suggested as an antibacterial packaging to extend the shelf life and as a flavor enhancer for chicken meat. Practical Applications: The results suggested that because chitosan film incorporated with cumin and eucalyptus can reduce meat spoilage losses and improve nutritional value, it can be used as an active packaging in the meat industry. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Frequencies of HLA-A, B and DRB1 alleles in a large normal population living in the city of Mashhad, Northeastern Iran

Objective(s): The population in Iran is a genetic admixture of the ancestral Aryan and other populations neighboring Iran. Different ethnic groups in Iran show wide regional distributions for many human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles. Therefore, it is necessary and sensible to study the differences in HLA allele distribution in different area. We studied the HLA class I and II allele frequencies in a large unrelated healthy Iranian population from Mashhad in the Northeast region. Materials and Methods: Five hundred unrelated healthy adult individuals borne and living in Mashhad, Northeast of Iran, were genotyped for HLA-A, B and HLA-DRB1 alleles using PCR with low resolution sequence specific primers (SSP-PCR) technique. Results: A total of 14 HLA-A, 24 HLA-B and 10 HLA-DRB1 alleles were spread throughout the studied population with distinct allele frequencies. At the HLA-A locus, HLA-A*02 was found to be the most frequent allele, with a frequency of 20.9%. The most common HLA-B alleles was B*35 (16.4%). The two most common observed alleles in HLA class II alleles were DRB1*15 (20.0%) followed by DRB1*13 (16.2%). Conclusion: This study is the first on the HLA class I and II allele frequencies in Northeastern Iranian population living in Mashhad. Distribution of HLA-A and B loci showed some similarities with those of other Iranians. Some difference in HLA-DRB1 polymorphisms however was observed. Considering the highly mixed population of Mashhad, the finding was not unexpected

The effects of Nigella sativa ethanolic extract on proliferation and apoptosis of renal cell carcinoma ACHN cell line

زمینه و هدف: سیاه دانه (Nigella sativa) گیاهی ازتیره آلاله٬ علفی، یک ساله یا پایا است. ترکیبات این گیاه دارای خواص ضد سرطانی هستند. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی اثر سایتوتوکسیک و آپوپتوتیک عصاره الکلی سیاهدانه بر روی رشد سلول های سرطانی کلیه انسان رده ACHN و سلول های غیر سرطانی سالم رده L929 انجام شد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی غلظت های مختلف عصاره الکلی سیاهدانه در محیط کشت، روی سلول های ACHN و L929 اثر داده شد. پس از 24، 48 و 72 ساعت، تغییرات مورفولوژیک ایجاد شده با میکروسکوپ معکوس ارزیابی گردید. با آزمون MTT اثر غلظت های عصاره بر درصد سلول های زنده هر دو رده سلولی در زمان‌های مذکور، از نظر کمی بررسی شد. بررسی میزان آپوپتوز با کیت فسفاتیدیل سرین با استفاده ار دستگاه فلوسیتومتری مشخص گردید. داده ها با استفاده از آنالیز آماری واریانس یک طرفه و آزمون تعقیبی Tukeyآنالیز شد. یافته ها: نتایج آزمون MTT نشان داد که غلظت های µg/ml 750 و بالاتر عصاره بر سلول های رده ACHN و غلظت های µg/ml 1250 و بالاتر عصاره بر روی سلول های رده L929 موجب کاهش معنی دار تعداد سلول های زنده ACHN و L929 می گردد (05/0P(P. نتیجه گیری: با توجه به نتایج این پژوهش عصاره الکلی سیاهدانه دارای اثرات آپوپتوتیک و سایتوتوکسیک بر سلول های سرطانی رده ACHN در مقایسه با سلول های سالم L929 است. لذا می توان عصاره الکلی سیاهدانه را به عنوان ترکیبی با اثرات سایتوتوکسیک روی سلول های سرطانی در درمان سرطان کلیه پیشنهاد کرد

Biomaterials in Valvular Heart Diseases

Valvular heart disease (VHD) occurs as the result of valvular malfunction, which can greatly reduce patient\u27s quality of life and if left untreated may lead to death. Different treatment regiments are available for management of this defect, which can be helpful in reducing the symptoms. The global commitment to reduce VHD-related mortality rates has enhanced the need for new therapeutic approaches. During the past decade, development of innovative pharmacological and surgical approaches have dramatically improved the quality of life for VHD patients, yet the search for low cost, more effective, and less invasive approaches is ongoing. The gold standard approach for VHD management is to replace or repair the injured valvular tissue with natural or synthetic biomaterials. Application of these biomaterials for cardiac valve regeneration and repair holds a great promise for treatment of this type of heart disease. The focus of the present review is the current use of different types of biomaterials in treatment of valvular heart diseases

Characterization of the rhizophora particleboard as a tissue-equivalent phantom material bonded with bio–based adhesive

In this study, some characteristics of Rhizophora spp. particleboards bonded with Serishoom (traditional animal–based adhesive) as a phantom material was investigated. The Rhizophora spp. particleboards were fabricated in two Serishoom adhesive treatment levels (6% and 12%) with three Rhizophora spp. particle sizes (≤ 149 µm, 149 µm – 500 µm, and 500 µm – 1000 µm) at 1 g.cm-3 of the target density. The internal bond strength and the dimensional stability of the Serishoom-bonded Rhizophora spp. particleboards were improved by using the smaller Rhizophora spp. particle size and the higher Serishoom adhesive treatment level. The effective atomic numbers of the Serishoom-bonded Rhizophora spp. particleboards were determineted to be 7,56 to 7,58 by an energy dispersive X-ray, which is in good agreement with those of water and breast tissue. In addition, the density distribution profiles of the fabricated Serishoom-bonded Rhizophora spp. particleboards were determined by the Kriging method with the use Surfer8 computer software, which indicated that there was good density homogeneity throughout the Serishoom-bonded Rhizophora spp. particleboards. The results showed a potential of the Serishoom-bonded Rhizophora spp. particleboard bonded with Serishoom to be used as a phantom material

Use of nanomaterials in the pretreatment of water samples for environmental analysis

The challenge of providing clean drinking water is of enormous relevance in today’s human civilization, being essential for human consumption, but also for agriculture, livestock and several industrial applications. In addition to remediation strategies, the accurate monitoring of pollutants in water sup-plies, which most of the times are present at low concentrations, is a critical challenge. The usual low concentration of target analytes, the presence of in-terferents and the incompatibility of the sample matrix with instrumental techniques and detectors are the main reasons that renders sample preparation a relevant part of environmental monitoring strategies. The discovery and ap-plication of new nanomaterials allowed improvements on the pretreatment of water samples, with benefits in terms of speed, reliability and sensitivity in analysis. In this chapter, the use of nanomaterials in solid-phase extraction (SPE) protocols for water samples pretreatment for environmental monitoring is addressed. The most used nanomaterials, including metallic nanoparticles, metal organic frameworks, molecularly imprinted polymers, carbon-based nanomaterials, silica-based nanoparticles and nanocomposites are described, and their applications and advantages overviewed. Main gaps are identified and new directions on the field are suggested.publishe

Evaluation of specific antibodies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis recombinant antigens for detection of recent infection

Introduction: Since an accurate test for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis early infection is urgently needed, this study was designed for development of an efficient screening test in diagnosis of tuberculosis infection. Materials and methods: In the present study, two recombinant proteins CFP-10, ESAT-6 were tested as antigens for the diagnosis of recent tuberculosis. The proteins were produced in Escherichia coli, purified and tested in indirect ELISAs with sera from 63 subjects with positive clinical results. Also, 56 sera from healthy persons were tested as controls. The results were compared with molecular and culture. Results: The levels of antibodies against M. tuberculosis antigens in patients with tuberculosis were significantly higher than those in healthy subjects. Among 63 patients, 58 were positive for ESAT-6, 54 for CFP-10. Conclusion: Altogether, the role of M. tuberculosis recombinant proteins, as a suitable candidate for early diagnosis of tuberculosis infection was supported in this study. However, these strongly offer the potential of mixture or fusion of these recombinant proteins for better sensitivity and specificity